feat: add real booking capacity

db/migrations/20260801_create_booking_capacity.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+-- Petstore Phase 0：真实预约容量模型
+-- 前置：20260801_split_service_identity.sql、20260801_create_store_customer.sql、
+--       20260801_create_business_event.sql 已执行。
+
+ALTER TABLE t_service_type
+    ADD COLUMN duration_minutes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 60 COMMENT '预计服务时长，30分钟粒度';
+
+ALTER TABLE t_appointment
+    ADD COLUMN duration_minutes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 60 COMMENT '下单时服务时长快照';
+
+ALTER TABLE t_schedule_block
+    ADD COLUMN duration_minutes INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 30 COMMENT '连续占用时长，30分钟粒度';
+
+ALTER TABLE t_store
+    ADD COLUMN booking_capacity INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '门店并发接待数';
+
+-- 系统默认服务时长；未知服务保留 60 分钟安全值。
+UPDATE t_service_type
+SET duration_minutes = CASE name
+    WHEN '洗澡' THEN 60
+    WHEN '美容' THEN 120
+    WHEN '洗澡+美容' THEN 150
+    WHEN '剪指甲' THEN 30
+    WHEN '驱虫' THEN 30
+    ELSE 60
+END;
+
+-- 历史预约形成时没有时长快照，只能按当时服务名称采用稳定默认值回填。
+UPDATE t_appointment
+SET duration_minutes = CASE service_type
+    WHEN '洗澡' THEN 60
+    WHEN '美容' THEN 120
+    WHEN '洗澡+美容' THEN 150
+    WHEN '剪指甲' THEN 30
+    WHEN '驱虫' THEN 30
+    ELSE 60
+END;
+
+-- 验证：以下四项必须全部为 0。
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS invalid_service_duration_count
+FROM t_service_type
+WHERE duration_minutes < 30 OR duration_minutes > 480 OR MOD(duration_minutes, 30) <> 0;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS invalid_appointment_duration_count
+FROM t_appointment
+WHERE duration_minutes < 30 OR duration_minutes > 480 OR MOD(duration_minutes, 30) <> 0;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS invalid_block_duration_count
+FROM t_schedule_block
+WHERE duration_minutes < 30 OR duration_minutes > 480 OR MOD(duration_minutes, 30) <> 0;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS invalid_store_capacity_count
+FROM t_store
+WHERE booking_capacity < 1 OR booking_capacity > 10;

db/migrations/README.md

@@ -14,4 +14,6 @@
 
 `20260801_create_business_event.sql` 必须在客户主档迁移之后执行：建立不可变 `t_business_event`，回填预约创建、报告提交、可确认的服务完成和留资提交。脚本末尾四个验证计数必须为 0；脚本不回填无法从数据库可靠恢复的报告打开与服务开始事件。
 
+`20260801_create_booking_capacity.sql` 必须在业务事件迁移之后执行：为服务项目、预约快照和手动占用补充时长，为门店补充并发接待数。历史预约按服务名称采用稳定默认值回填；脚本末尾四个验证计数必须为 0。
+
 正式迁移框架仍属于 Phase 0 后续任务；接入前不得把本目录误当成自动执行目录。

src/main/java/com/petstore/controller/AdminStoreController.java

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public class AdminStoreController {
         data.put("bookingDayStart", store.getBookingDayStart() == null ? null : store.getBookingDayStart().toString());
         data.put("bookingLastSlotStart",
                 store.getBookingLastSlotStart() == null ? null : store.getBookingLastSlotStart().toString());
+        data.put("bookingCapacity", StoreService.normalizeCapacity(store.getBookingCapacity()));
         return Map.of("code", 200, "data", data);
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/petstore/controller/AppointmentController.java

@@ -23,18 +23,21 @@ public class AppointmentController {
     private final UserService userService;
 
     /**
-     * 门店某日可预约时段（半小时一档，每档最多一单）。
+     * 门店某日可预约开始时段；按服务时长与门店并发接待数计算。
      * date 格式：yyyy-MM-dd。公开接口，无需登录。
      */
     @GetMapping("/available-slots")
-    public Map<String, Object> availableSlots(@RequestParam Long storeId, @RequestParam String date) {
+    public Map<String, Object> availableSlots(
+            @RequestParam Long storeId,
+            @RequestParam String date,
+            @RequestParam(required = false) String serviceType) {
         LocalDate d;
         try {
             d = LocalDate.parse(date);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "日期格式应为 yyyy-MM-dd");
         }
-        return appointmentService.availableSlots(storeId, d);
+        return appointmentService.availableSlots(storeId, d, serviceType);
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/com/petstore/controller/ScheduleController.java

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class ScheduleController {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 手动占用半小时档。仅 boss/staff；storeId 与 createdByUserId 从上下文派生。
+     * 手动占用一个或多个连续半小时档。仅 boss/staff；storeId 与 createdByUserId 从上下文派生。
      * <br>slotStart：ISO 本地时间，如 2026-04-17T10:00:00
      * <br>blockType：walk_in（到店） / blocked（暂停线上预约）
      */
@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@ public class ScheduleController {
         String slotStr = body.get("slotStart") != null ? body.get("slotStart").toString() : null;
         String blockType = body.get("blockType") != null ? body.get("blockType").toString() : null;
         String note = body.get("note") != null ? body.get("note").toString() : null;
+        Integer durationMinutes;
+        try {
+            durationMinutes = body.get("durationMinutes") == null
+                    ? 30
+                    : Integer.valueOf(body.get("durationMinutes").toString());
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "durationMinutes 格式无效");
+        }
 
         LocalDateTime slotStart;
         try {
@@ -59,7 +67,7 @@ public class ScheduleController {
             return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "slotStart 格式无效");
         }
         // storeId / createdByUserId 从上下文派生，不信任请求体
-        return scheduleService.createBlock(u.storeId(), slotStart, blockType, note, u.userId());
+        return scheduleService.createBlock(u.storeId(), slotStart, durationMinutes, blockType, note, u.userId());
     }
 
     /** 取消手动占用：仅 boss/staff 且同店（由 service 校验 storeId 匹配）。 */

src/main/java/com/petstore/controller/ServiceTypeController.java

@@ -36,9 +36,14 @@ public class ServiceTypeController {
         if (!u.isBoss() || u.storeId() == null) {
             return Map.of("code", 403, "message", "仅老板可新增服务类型", "bizCode", "FORBIDDEN");
         }
-        String name = params.get("name").toString();
-        ServiceType created = serviceTypeService.create(u.storeId(), name);
-        return Map.of("code", 200, "data", created);
+        try {
+            String name = params.get("name") == null ? null : params.get("name").toString();
+            Integer durationMinutes = integerParam(params.get("durationMinutes"));
+            ServiceType created = serviceTypeService.create(u.storeId(), name, durationMinutes);
+            return Map.of("code", 200, "data", created);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", e.getMessage(), "bizCode", "INVALID_SERVICE_TYPE");
+        }
     }
 
     /** 编辑服务类型：仅 boss；必须为本店自定义类型（系统默认 storeId 为空不可改）。 */
@@ -56,9 +61,14 @@ public class ServiceTypeController {
         if (existing.getStoreId() == null || !existing.getStoreId().equals(u.storeId())) {
             return Map.of("code", 403, "message", "无权修改系统默认或他店服务类型", "bizCode", "FORBIDDEN");
         }
-        String name = params.get("name").toString();
-        ServiceType updated = serviceTypeService.update(id, name);
-        return Map.of("code", 200, "data", updated);
+        try {
+            String name = params.get("name") == null ? null : params.get("name").toString();
+            Integer durationMinutes = integerParam(params.get("durationMinutes"));
+            ServiceType updated = serviceTypeService.update(id, name, durationMinutes);
+            return Map.of("code", 200, "data", updated);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", e.getMessage(), "bizCode", "INVALID_SERVICE_TYPE");
+        }
     }
 
     /** 删除服务类型：仅 boss；必须为本店自定义类型（系统默认不可删）。 */
@@ -89,4 +99,15 @@ public class ServiceTypeController {
         serviceTypeService.initDefaults();
         return Map.of("code", 200, "message", "初始化成功");
     }
+
+    private static Integer integerParam(Object value) {
+        if (value == null || value.toString().isBlank()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            return Integer.valueOf(value.toString());
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("服务时长格式不正确");
+        }
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/petstore/controller/StoreController.java

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ public class StoreController {
         m.put("intro", s.getIntro());
         m.put("bookingDayStart", s.getBookingDayStart());
         m.put("bookingLastSlotStart", s.getBookingLastSlotStart());
+        m.put("bookingCapacity", StoreService.normalizeCapacity(s.getBookingCapacity()));
         return m;
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +91,12 @@ public class StoreController {
         if (store == null || store.getId() == null || !store.getId().equals(u.storeId())) {
             return Map.of("code", 403, "message", "无权修改他店信息", "bizCode", "FORBIDDEN");
         }
-        Store updated = storeService.update(store);
+        Store updated;
+        try {
+            updated = storeService.update(store);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", e.getMessage(), "bizCode", "INVALID_STORE_CONFIG");
+        }
         if (updated == null) {
             return Map.of("code", 404, "message", "店铺不存在");
         }

src/main/java/com/petstore/entity/Appointment.java

@@ -25,6 +25,23 @@ public class Appointment {
     private String petType;
     private String serviceType;
     private LocalDateTime appointmentTime;
+
+    /** 下单时的服务时长快照；后续修改服务项目不会改变已预约占用。 */
+    @Column(name = "duration_minutes", nullable = false)
+    private Integer durationMinutes = 60;
+
+    /** 预约预计结束时间，由开始时间与时长快照派生。 */
+    @Transient
+    @JsonProperty("endTime")
+    public LocalDateTime getEndTime() {
+        return appointmentTime == null ? null : appointmentTime.plusMinutes(resolvedDurationMinutes());
+    }
+
+    @Transient
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public int resolvedDurationMinutes() {
+        return durationMinutes == null || durationMinutes <= 0 ? 60 : durationMinutes;
+    }
     
     /** 状态: new/doing/done/cancel */
     private String status;

src/main/java/com/petstore/entity/ScheduleBlock.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import lombok.Data;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
 /**
- * 门店日程手动占用：与线上预约一样占用半小时档，用于到店客或暂停接受预约等。
+ * 门店日程手动占用：以半小时为粒度，可连续占用多个档，用于到店客或暂停接受预约等。
  */
 @Data
 @Entity
@@ -28,6 +28,16 @@ public class ScheduleBlock {
     @Column(name = "slot_start", nullable = false)
     private LocalDateTime slotStart;
 
+    /** 连续占用时长，30～480 分钟且必须为 30 的倍数。 */
+    @Column(name = "duration_minutes", nullable = false)
+    private Integer durationMinutes = 30;
+
+    @Transient
+    public LocalDateTime getEndTime() {
+        int minutes = durationMinutes == null || durationMinutes <= 0 ? 30 : durationMinutes;
+        return slotStart == null ? null : slotStart.plusMinutes(minutes);
+    }
+
     /**
      * walk_in：到店占用（未走线上预约）<br>
      * blocked：暂停预约（外出等，线上不可再约该档）

src/main/java/com/petstore/entity/ServiceType.java

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ public class ServiceType {
     private Long storeId;
     
     private String name;
+
+    /** 预计服务时长，按 30 分钟粒度配置。 */
+    @Column(name = "duration_minutes", nullable = false)
+    private Integer durationMinutes = 60;
     
     @Column(name = "create_time")
     private LocalDateTime createTime;

src/main/java/com/petstore/entity/Store.java

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ public class Store {
      */
     @Column(name = "booking_last_slot_start")
     private LocalTime bookingLastSlotStart;
+
+    /** 同一半小时内可并行服务的顾客数，默认 1。 */
+    @Column(name = "booking_capacity", nullable = false)
+    private Integer bookingCapacity;
     
     @Column(name = "create_time")
     private LocalDateTime createTime;

src/main/java/com/petstore/mapper/StoreMapper.java

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ package com.petstore.mapper;
 
 import com.petstore.entity.Store;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Lock;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
+import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.LockModeType;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
@@ -10,4 +15,9 @@ public interface StoreMapper extends JpaRepository<Store, Long> {
     Store findByInviteCodeAndDeletedFalse(String inviteCode);
     Optional<Store> findByIdAndDeletedFalse(Long id);
     List<Store> findAllByDeletedFalse();
+
+    /** 创建预约/占用时串行化同一门店的容量判定，避免并发超卖。 */
+    @Lock(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE)
+    @Query("SELECT s FROM Store s WHERE s.id = :id AND s.deleted = false")
+    Optional<Store> findByIdAndDeletedFalseForUpdate(@Param("id") Long id);
 }

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/AppointmentService.java

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ public class AppointmentService {
     private final PetMapper petMapper;
     private final StoreCustomerService storeCustomerService;
     private final BusinessEventService businessEventService;
+    private final ServiceTypeService serviceTypeService;
+    private final BookingCapacityService bookingCapacityService;
 
     // 宠主查看归属于自己的预约；兼容 customer_user_id 尚未回填的旧数据。
     public List<Appointment> getByUserId(Long customerUserId) {
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ public class AppointmentService {
     /**
      * 某门店某日：半小时预约档列表（已占用 / 已过 / 可约）。
      */
-    public Map<String, Object> availableSlots(Long storeId, LocalDate date) {
+    public Map<String, Object> availableSlots(Long storeId, LocalDate date, String serviceType) {
         if (storeId == null || date == null) {
             return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "缺少门店或日期");
         }
@@ -98,34 +100,44 @@ public class AppointmentService {
             return Map.of("code", 404, "message", "门店不存在");
         }
         StoreBookingWindow window = StoreBookingWindow.fromStore(store);
+        com.petstore.entity.ServiceType resolvedService = serviceTypeService.resolveForStore(storeId, serviceType);
+        if (serviceType != null && !serviceType.isBlank() && resolvedService == null) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "服务项目不存在或不属于该门店", "bizCode", "SERVICE_TYPE_INVALID");
+        }
+        int durationMinutes = resolvedService == null
+                ? BookingDurationSupport.DEFAULT_SERVICE_MINUTES
+                : BookingDurationSupport.serviceMinutes(resolvedService.getDurationMinutes());
+        int capacity = StoreService.normalizeCapacity(store.getBookingCapacity());
         LocalDateTime dayStart = date.atStartOfDay();
         LocalDateTime dayEnd = date.plusDays(1).atStartOfDay();
-        List<LocalDateTime> occupiedRaw = appointmentMapper.findOccupiedAppointmentTimes(storeId, dayStart, dayEnd);
-        Set<LocalDateTime> occupied = new HashSet<>();
-        for (LocalDateTime t : occupiedRaw) {
-            occupied.add(AppointmentSlotSupport.alignToHalfHour(t));
-        }
-        List<LocalDateTime> blockSlots = scheduleBlockMapper.findOccupiedSlotStarts(storeId, dayStart, dayEnd);
-        for (LocalDateTime t : blockSlots) {
-            occupied.add(AppointmentSlotSupport.alignToHalfHour(t));
-        }
+        List<Appointment> appointments = appointmentMapper.findActiveByStoreAndDateRange(storeId, dayStart, dayEnd);
+        List<com.petstore.entity.ScheduleBlock> blocks =
+                scheduleBlockMapper.findByStoreIdAndSlotStartGreaterThanEqualAndSlotStartBeforeAndDeletedFalseOrderBySlotStartAsc(
+                        storeId, dayStart, dayEnd);
 
         LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
         List<Map<String, Object>> rows = new ArrayList<>();
         for (LocalDateTime slotStart : AppointmentSlotSupport.allSlotStartsOnDay(date, window)) {
             String hhmm = formatHhMm(slotStart);
             boolean past = slotStart.isBefore(now);
-            boolean taken = occupied.contains(slotStart);
-            boolean available = !past && !taken;
+            boolean withinWindow = AppointmentSlotSupport.isWithinBookableWindow(slotStart, durationMinutes, window);
+            BookingCapacityService.CapacityResult capacityResult = bookingCapacityService.evaluateAppointment(
+                    slotStart, durationMinutes, capacity, appointments, blocks);
+            boolean available = !past && withinWindow && capacityResult.available();
             String reason = null;
             if (past) {
                 reason = "已过时段";
-            } else if (taken) {
-                reason = "已占用";
+            } else if (!withinWindow) {
+                reason = "服务将在营业结束后完成";
+            } else if (!capacityResult.available()) {
+                reason = capacityResult.reason();
             }
             Map<String, Object> one = new LinkedHashMap<>();
             one.put("time", hhmm);
             one.put("available", available);
+            one.put("endTime", formatHhMm(slotStart.plusMinutes(durationMinutes)));
+            one.put("usedCapacity", capacityResult.peakUsed());
+            one.put("totalCapacity", capacity);
             if (reason != null) {
                 one.put("reason", reason);
             }
@@ -135,6 +147,10 @@ public class AppointmentService {
         data.put("slots", rows);
         data.put("dayStart", window.dayStart().toString());
         data.put("lastSlotStart", window.lastSlotStart().toString());
+        data.put("closingTime", formatHhMm(window.closingTime(date.atStartOfDay())));
+        data.put("durationMinutes", durationMinutes);
+        data.put("bookingCapacity", capacity);
+        data.put("serviceType", resolvedService == null ? serviceType : resolvedService.getName());
         return Map.of("code", 200, "data", data);
     }
 
@@ -143,7 +159,7 @@ public class AppointmentService {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 创建预约：半小时占号，取消({@code cancel})不占号。
+     * 创建预约：按服务时长跨半小时容量桶占号，取消({@code cancel})不占号。
      */
     @Transactional
     public Map<String, Object> createBooking(Appointment appointment) {
@@ -175,30 +191,49 @@ public class AppointmentService {
                 return Map.of("code", 403, "message", "宠物档案不属于该宠主", "bizCode", "PET_CUSTOMER_MISMATCH");
             }
         }
-        com.petstore.entity.Store store = storeService.findById(appointment.getStoreId());
+        com.petstore.entity.Store store = storeService.findByIdForUpdate(appointment.getStoreId());
         if (store == null) {
             return Map.of("code", 404, "message", "门店不存在");
         }
+        com.petstore.entity.ServiceType resolvedService =
+                serviceTypeService.resolveForStore(appointment.getStoreId(), appointment.getServiceType());
+        if (resolvedService == null) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "请选择本店有效的服务项目", "bizCode", "SERVICE_TYPE_INVALID");
+        }
+        int durationMinutes = BookingDurationSupport.serviceMinutes(resolvedService.getDurationMinutes());
+        appointment.setServiceType(resolvedService.getName());
+        appointment.setDurationMinutes(durationMinutes);
         StoreBookingWindow window = StoreBookingWindow.fromStore(store);
-        if (!AppointmentSlotSupport.isWithinBookableWindow(t, window)) {
+        if (!AppointmentSlotSupport.isWithinBookableWindow(t, durationMinutes, window)) {
             return Map.of(
                     "code", 400,
                     "message",
                     String.format(
-                            "仅可预约 %s～%s 的半点档",
+                            "服务须在 %s～%s 的营业容量时段内完成",
                             window.dayStart(),
-                            window.lastSlotStart()
+                            window.closingTime(t).toLocalTime()
                     )
             );
         }
         if (!t.isAfter(LocalDateTime.now())) {
             return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "不能预约当前及已过去的时段");
         }
-        if (appointmentMapper.existsActiveBookingAt(appointment.getStoreId(), t)) {
-            return Map.of("code", 409, "message", "该时段已被占用，请更换其它时段");
-        }
-        if (scheduleBlockMapper.existsByStoreIdAndSlotStartAndDeletedFalse(appointment.getStoreId(), t)) {
-            return Map.of("code", 409, "message", "该时段已被占用，请更换其它时段");
+        LocalDateTime dayStart = t.toLocalDate().atStartOfDay();
+        LocalDateTime dayEnd = t.toLocalDate().plusDays(1).atStartOfDay();
+        List<Appointment> activeAppointments = appointmentMapper.findActiveByStoreAndDateRange(
+                appointment.getStoreId(), dayStart, dayEnd);
+        List<com.petstore.entity.ScheduleBlock> blocks =
+                scheduleBlockMapper.findByStoreIdAndSlotStartGreaterThanEqualAndSlotStartBeforeAndDeletedFalseOrderBySlotStartAsc(
+                        appointment.getStoreId(), dayStart, dayEnd);
+        BookingCapacityService.CapacityResult capacityResult = bookingCapacityService.evaluateAppointment(
+                t,
+                durationMinutes,
+                StoreService.normalizeCapacity(store.getBookingCapacity()),
+                activeAppointments,
+                blocks
+        );
+        if (!capacityResult.available()) {
+            return Map.of("code", 409, "message", capacityResult.reason() + "，请更换其它时段", "bizCode", "CAPACITY_FULL");
         }
         appointment.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
         appointment.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
@@ -406,6 +441,8 @@ public class AppointmentService {
         row.put("petType", a.getPetType());
         row.put("serviceType", a.getServiceType());
         row.put("appointmentTime", a.getAppointmentTime());
+        row.put("endTime", a.getEndTime());
+        row.put("durationMinutes", a.resolvedDurationMinutes());
         row.put("status", a.getStatus());
         row.put("storeId", a.getStoreId());
         row.put("userId", a.getUserId());

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/AppointmentSlotSupport.java

@@ -34,6 +34,17 @@ public final class AppointmentSlotSupport {
         return !t.isBefore(window.dayStart()) && !t.isAfter(window.lastSlotStart());
     }
 
+    public static boolean isWithinBookableWindow(
+            LocalDateTime slotStart,
+            int durationMinutes,
+            StoreBookingWindow window) {
+        if (!isWithinBookableWindow(slotStart, window)
+                || !BookingDurationSupport.isValid(durationMinutes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return !slotStart.plusMinutes(durationMinutes).isAfter(window.closingTime(slotStart));
+    }
+
     /**
      * 在给定可预约时间窗口内，生成某日所有半点起始时刻（含首尾）。
      */

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/BookingCapacityService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package com.petstore.service;
+
+import com.petstore.entity.Appointment;
+import com.petstore.entity.ScheduleBlock;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * 门店级预约容量计算。线上预约尚不预选技师，因此容量口径是门店承诺的并发接待数；
+ * walk_in 消耗一个并发名额，blocked 关闭覆盖范围内的全部名额。
+ */
+@Service
+public class BookingCapacityService {
+
+    public record CapacityResult(boolean available, String reason, int peakUsed) {
+    }
+
+    public CapacityResult evaluateAppointment(
+            LocalDateTime start,
+            int durationMinutes,
+            int capacity,
+            List<Appointment> appointments,
+            List<ScheduleBlock> blocks) {
+        int peak = 0;
+        LocalDateTime end = start.plusMinutes(durationMinutes);
+        for (LocalDateTime bucket = start; bucket.isBefore(end); bucket = bucket.plusMinutes(30)) {
+            LocalDateTime bucketStart = bucket;
+            LocalDateTime bucketEnd = bucketStart.plusMinutes(30);
+            if (blocks.stream().anyMatch(b -> isBlocked(b) && overlaps(
+                    b.getSlotStart(), blockEnd(b), bucketStart, bucketEnd))) {
+                return new CapacityResult(false, "门店暂停预约", peak);
+            }
+            int used = (int) appointments.stream()
+                    .filter(a -> overlaps(a.getAppointmentTime(), appointmentEnd(a), bucketStart, bucketEnd))
+                    .count();
+            used += (int) blocks.stream()
+                    .filter(this::isWalkIn)
+                    .filter(b -> overlaps(b.getSlotStart(), blockEnd(b), bucketStart, bucketEnd))
+                    .count();
+            peak = Math.max(peak, used);
+            if (used >= capacity) {
+                return new CapacityResult(false, "接待容量已满", peak);
+            }
+        }
+        return new CapacityResult(true, null, peak);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasAnyOccupancy(
+            LocalDateTime start,
+            int durationMinutes,
+            List<Appointment> appointments,
+            List<ScheduleBlock> blocks) {
+        LocalDateTime end = start.plusMinutes(durationMinutes);
+        return appointments.stream().anyMatch(a -> overlaps(
+                a.getAppointmentTime(), appointmentEnd(a), start, end))
+                || blocks.stream().anyMatch(b -> overlaps(
+                b.getSlotStart(), blockEnd(b), start, end));
+    }
+
+    public int usedAt(
+            LocalDateTime bucket,
+            List<Appointment> appointments,
+            List<ScheduleBlock> blocks) {
+        LocalDateTime bucketEnd = bucket.plusMinutes(30);
+        int used = (int) appointments.stream()
+                .filter(a -> overlaps(a.getAppointmentTime(), appointmentEnd(a), bucket, bucketEnd))
+                .count();
+        used += (int) blocks.stream()
+                .filter(this::isWalkIn)
+                .filter(b -> overlaps(b.getSlotStart(), blockEnd(b), bucket, bucketEnd))
+                .count();
+        return used;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasBlackoutAt(LocalDateTime bucket, List<ScheduleBlock> blocks) {
+        LocalDateTime bucketEnd = bucket.plusMinutes(30);
+        return blocks.stream().anyMatch(b -> isBlocked(b) && overlaps(
+                b.getSlotStart(), blockEnd(b), bucket, bucketEnd));
+    }
+
+    public boolean overlaps(LocalDateTime aStart, LocalDateTime aEnd, LocalDateTime bStart, LocalDateTime bEnd) {
+        return aStart != null && aEnd != null && bStart != null && bEnd != null
+                && aStart.isBefore(bEnd) && bStart.isBefore(aEnd);
+    }
+
+    private LocalDateTime appointmentEnd(Appointment appointment) {
+        return appointment.getAppointmentTime() == null
+                ? null
+                : appointment.getAppointmentTime().plusMinutes(appointment.resolvedDurationMinutes());
+    }
+
+    private LocalDateTime blockEnd(ScheduleBlock block) {
+        if (block.getSlotStart() == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return block.getSlotStart().plusMinutes(BookingDurationSupport.blockMinutes(block.getDurationMinutes()));
+    }
+
+    private boolean isWalkIn(ScheduleBlock block) {
+        return "walk_in".equals(block.getBlockType());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isBlocked(ScheduleBlock block) {
+        return "blocked".equals(block.getBlockType());
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/BookingDurationSupport.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.petstore.service;
+
+/** 预约容量模型共用的 30 分钟粒度与时长边界。 */
+public final class BookingDurationSupport {
+    public static final int SLOT_MINUTES = 30;
+    public static final int DEFAULT_SERVICE_MINUTES = 60;
+    public static final int DEFAULT_BLOCK_MINUTES = 30;
+    public static final int MIN_MINUTES = 30;
+    public static final int MAX_MINUTES = 480;
+
+    private BookingDurationSupport() {
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isValid(Integer minutes) {
+        return minutes != null
+                && minutes >= MIN_MINUTES
+                && minutes <= MAX_MINUTES
+                && minutes % SLOT_MINUTES == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static int serviceMinutes(Integer minutes) {
+        return isValid(minutes) ? minutes : DEFAULT_SERVICE_MINUTES;
+    }
+
+    public static int blockMinutes(Integer minutes) {
+        return isValid(minutes) ? minutes : DEFAULT_BLOCK_MINUTES;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/BusinessEventService.java

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ public class BusinessEventService {
                 && appointment.getCreatedByUserId().equals(appointment.resolvedCustomerUserId())
                 ? "customer"
                 : "admin";
+        Map<String, Object> metadata = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        metadata.put("bookingOrigin", source);
+        metadata.put("durationMinutes", appointment.resolvedDurationMinutes());
         return record(new EventCommand(
                 APPOINTMENT_CREATED,
                 appointment.getStoreId(),
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ public class BusinessEventService {
                 source,
                 appointment.getCreateTime(),
                 "appointment_created:" + appointment.getId(),
-                Map.of("bookingOrigin", source)
+                metadata
         ));
     }
 

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/ScheduleService.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public class ScheduleService {
     private final ScheduleBlockMapper scheduleBlockMapper;
     private final AppointmentMapper appointmentMapper;
     private final StoreService storeService;
+    private final BookingCapacityService bookingCapacityService;
 
     public static boolean isAllowedBlockType(String blockType) {
         return "walk_in".equals(blockType) || "blocked".equals(blockType);
@@ -45,26 +46,11 @@ public class ScheduleService {
         LocalDateTime rangeEnd = date.plusDays(1).atStartOfDay();
 
         List<Appointment> appointments = appointmentMapper.findActiveByStoreAndDateRange(storeId, rangeStart, rangeEnd);
-        Map<LocalDateTime, Appointment> apptBySlot = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-        for (Appointment a : appointments) {
-            LocalDateTime slot = AppointmentSlotSupport.alignToHalfHour(a.getAppointmentTime());
-            if (slot != null) {
-                apptBySlot.putIfAbsent(slot, a);
-            }
-        }
-
         List<ScheduleBlock> blocks =
                 scheduleBlockMapper.findByStoreIdAndSlotStartGreaterThanEqualAndSlotStartBeforeAndDeletedFalseOrderBySlotStartAsc(
                         storeId, rangeStart, rangeEnd);
-        Map<LocalDateTime, ScheduleBlock> blockBySlot = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-        for (ScheduleBlock b : blocks) {
-            LocalDateTime slot = AppointmentSlotSupport.alignToHalfHour(b.getSlotStart());
-            if (slot != null) {
-                blockBySlot.putIfAbsent(slot, b);
-            }
-        }
-
         LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
+        int capacity = StoreService.normalizeCapacity(store.getBookingCapacity());
         List<Map<String, Object>> rows = new ArrayList<>();
         for (LocalDateTime slotStart : AppointmentSlotSupport.allSlotStartsOnDay(date, window)) {
             Map<String, Object> row = new LinkedHashMap<>();
@@ -72,12 +58,30 @@ public class ScheduleService {
             row.put("slotStart", slotStart.toString());
             row.put("past", slotStart.isBefore(now));
 
-            Appointment appt = apptBySlot.get(slotStart);
-            ScheduleBlock block = blockBySlot.get(slotStart);
-            if (appt != null) {
+            LocalDateTime slotEnd = slotStart.plusMinutes(30);
+            List<Appointment> slotAppointments = appointments.stream()
+                    .filter(a -> bookingCapacityService.overlaps(
+                            a.getAppointmentTime(), a.getEndTime(), slotStart, slotEnd))
+                    .toList();
+            List<ScheduleBlock> slotBlocks = blocks.stream()
+                    .filter(b -> bookingCapacityService.overlaps(
+                            b.getSlotStart(), b.getEndTime(), slotStart, slotEnd))
+                    .toList();
+            Appointment appt = slotAppointments.isEmpty() ? null : slotAppointments.get(0);
+            boolean blackout = bookingCapacityService.hasBlackoutAt(slotStart, blocks);
+            ScheduleBlock block = slotBlocks.stream()
+                    .filter(b -> blackout && "blocked".equals(b.getBlockType()))
+                    .findFirst()
+                    .orElse(slotBlocks.isEmpty() ? null : slotBlocks.get(0));
+            int used = bookingCapacityService.usedAt(slotStart, appointments, blocks);
+            if (blackout) {
+                row.put("kind", "block");
+                row.put("appointment", appt);
+                row.put("block", block);
+            } else if (appt != null) {
                 row.put("kind", "appointment");
                 row.put("appointment", appt);
-                row.put("block", null);
+                row.put("block", block);
             } else if (block != null) {
                 row.put("kind", "block");
                 row.put("appointment", null);
@@ -87,6 +91,11 @@ public class ScheduleService {
                 row.put("appointment", null);
                 row.put("block", null);
             }
+            row.put("appointments", slotAppointments);
+            row.put("blocks", slotBlocks);
+            row.put("usedCapacity", used);
+            row.put("totalCapacity", capacity);
+            row.put("remainingCapacity", blackout ? 0 : Math.max(0, capacity - used));
             rows.add(row);
         }
 
@@ -94,6 +103,8 @@ public class ScheduleService {
         data.put("date", date.toString());
         data.put("dayStart", window.dayStart().toString());
         data.put("lastSlotStart", window.lastSlotStart().toString());
+        data.put("closingTime", window.closingTime(date.atStartOfDay()).toLocalTime().toString());
+        data.put("bookingCapacity", capacity);
         data.put("rows", rows);
         return Map.of("code", 200, "data", data);
     }
@@ -102,6 +113,7 @@ public class ScheduleService {
     public Map<String, Object> createBlock(
             Long storeId,
             LocalDateTime slotStartRaw,
+            Integer durationMinutes,
             String blockType,
             String note,
             Long createdByUserId) {
@@ -114,30 +126,50 @@ public class ScheduleService {
         if (!isAllowedBlockType(blockType)) {
             return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "blockType 须为 walk_in 或 blocked");
         }
-        Store store = storeService.findById(storeId);
+        if (!BookingDurationSupport.isValid(durationMinutes)) {
+            return Map.of("code", 400, "message", "占用时长须为 30～480 分钟，且为 30 的倍数");
+        }
+        Store store = storeService.findByIdForUpdate(storeId);
         if (store == null) {
             return Map.of("code", 404, "message", "门店不存在");
         }
         LocalDateTime slot = AppointmentSlotSupport.alignToHalfHour(slotStartRaw);
         StoreBookingWindow window = StoreBookingWindow.fromStore(store);
-        if (!AppointmentSlotSupport.isWithinBookableWindow(slot, window)) {
+        if (!AppointmentSlotSupport.isWithinBookableWindow(slot, durationMinutes, window)) {
             return Map.of(
                     "code",
                     400,
                     "message",
-                    String.format("仅可在 %s～%s 的半点档内占用", window.dayStart(), window.lastSlotStart())
+                    String.format("占用须在 %s～%s 的营业容量时段内完成", window.dayStart(), window.closingTime(slot).toLocalTime())
             );
         }
-        if (appointmentMapper.existsActiveBookingAt(storeId, slot)) {
-            return Map.of("code", 409, "message", "该时段已有客户预约，无法占用");
+        LocalDateTime dayStart = slot.toLocalDate().atStartOfDay();
+        LocalDateTime dayEnd = slot.toLocalDate().plusDays(1).atStartOfDay();
+        List<Appointment> appointments = appointmentMapper.findActiveByStoreAndDateRange(storeId, dayStart, dayEnd);
+        List<ScheduleBlock> blocks =
+                scheduleBlockMapper.findByStoreIdAndSlotStartGreaterThanEqualAndSlotStartBeforeAndDeletedFalseOrderBySlotStartAsc(
+                        storeId, dayStart, dayEnd);
+        if ("blocked".equals(blockType)
+                && bookingCapacityService.hasAnyOccupancy(slot, durationMinutes, appointments, blocks)) {
+            return Map.of("code", 409, "message", "所选范围已有预约或占用，无法暂停全部号源");
         }
-        if (scheduleBlockMapper.existsByStoreIdAndSlotStartAndDeletedFalse(storeId, slot)) {
-            return Map.of("code", 409, "message", "该时段已被占用");
+        if ("walk_in".equals(blockType)) {
+            BookingCapacityService.CapacityResult result = bookingCapacityService.evaluateAppointment(
+                    slot,
+                    durationMinutes,
+                    StoreService.normalizeCapacity(store.getBookingCapacity()),
+                    appointments,
+                    blocks
+            );
+            if (!result.available()) {
+                return Map.of("code", 409, "message", result.reason() + "，无法增加到店占用");
+            }
         }
 
         ScheduleBlock b = new ScheduleBlock();
         b.setStoreId(storeId);
         b.setSlotStart(slot);
+        b.setDurationMinutes(durationMinutes);
         b.setBlockType(blockType);
         b.setNote(note != null && !note.isBlank() ? note.trim() : null);
         b.setCreatedByUserId(createdByUserId);

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/ServiceTypeService.java

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
@@ -15,7 +17,11 @@ public class ServiceTypeService {
 
     /** 获取服务类型（系统默认 + 当前店铺自定义） */
     public List<ServiceType> getByStoreId(Long storeId) {
-        return serviceTypeMapper.findByStoreIdOrStoreIdIsNull(storeId);
+        List<ServiceType> raw = serviceTypeMapper.findByStoreIdOrStoreIdIsNull(storeId);
+        Map<String, ServiceType> merged = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        raw.stream().filter(x -> x.getStoreId() == null).forEach(x -> merged.put(x.getName(), x));
+        raw.stream().filter(x -> x.getStoreId() != null).forEach(x -> merged.put(x.getName(), x));
+        return List.copyOf(merged.values());
     }
 
     /** 仅系统默认（未传门店或 C 端尚未绑定门店时用于展示可选名称） */
@@ -29,19 +35,23 @@ public class ServiceTypeService {
     }
 
     /** 老板新增服务类型 */
-    public ServiceType create(Long storeId, String name) {
+    public ServiceType create(Long storeId, String name, Integer durationMinutes) {
+        validate(name, durationMinutes);
         ServiceType st = new ServiceType();
         st.setStoreId(storeId);
-        st.setName(name);
+        st.setName(name.trim());
+        st.setDurationMinutes(durationMinutes);
         st.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
         return serviceTypeMapper.save(st);
     }
 
     /** 老板编辑服务类型 */
-    public ServiceType update(Long id, String name) {
+    public ServiceType update(Long id, String name, Integer durationMinutes) {
+        validate(name, durationMinutes);
         ServiceType st = serviceTypeMapper.findById(id).orElse(null);
         if (st != null) {
-            st.setName(name);
+            st.setName(name.trim());
+            st.setDurationMinutes(durationMinutes);
             serviceTypeMapper.save(st);
         }
         return st;
@@ -54,16 +64,52 @@ public class ServiceTypeService {
 
     /** 初始化系统默认服务类型（如果不存在） */
     public void initDefaults() {
-        List<ServiceType> defaults = serviceTypeMapper.findByStoreIdOrStoreIdIsNull(null);
+        List<ServiceType> defaults = serviceTypeMapper.findByStoreIdIsNull();
+        Map<String, Integer> builtins = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        builtins.put("洗澡", 60);
+        builtins.put("美容", 120);
+        builtins.put("洗澡+美容", 150);
+        builtins.put("剪指甲", 30);
+        builtins.put("驱虫", 30);
         if (defaults.isEmpty()) {
-            String[] names = {"洗澡", "美容", "洗澡+美容", "剪指甲", "驱虫"};
-            for (String name : names) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> item : builtins.entrySet()) {
                 ServiceType st = new ServiceType();
                 st.setStoreId(null);
-                st.setName(name);
+                st.setName(item.getKey());
+                st.setDurationMinutes(item.getValue());
                 st.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
                 serviceTypeMapper.save(st);
             }
+            return;
+        }
+        // ddl-auto:update 只会补数据库默认 60；启动时把不可编辑的系统内置项校正为产品冻结值。
+        for (ServiceType existing : defaults) {
+            Integer canonical = builtins.get(existing.getName());
+            if (canonical != null && !canonical.equals(existing.getDurationMinutes())) {
+                existing.setDurationMinutes(canonical);
+                serviceTypeMapper.save(existing);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** 解析本店可用服务；同名时本店自定义优先于系统默认。 */
+    public ServiceType resolveForStore(Long storeId, String name) {
+        if (name == null || name.isBlank()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String key = name.trim();
+        return getByStoreId(storeId).stream()
+                .filter(x -> key.equals(x.getName()))
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElse(null);
+    }
+
+    private static void validate(String name, Integer durationMinutes) {
+        if (name == null || name.isBlank()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("服务名称不能为空");
+        }
+        if (!BookingDurationSupport.isValid(durationMinutes)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("服务时长须为 30～480 分钟，且为 30 的倍数");
         }
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/StoreBookingWindow.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.petstore.service;
 import com.petstore.entity.Store;
 
 import java.time.LocalTime;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
 /**
  * 门店线上可预约时间窗口（半小时一档的首末时刻）。
@@ -33,4 +34,9 @@ public record StoreBookingWindow(LocalTime dayStart, LocalTime lastSlotStart) {
         int nm = m < 30 ? 0 : 30;
         return LocalTime.of(t.getHour(), nm);
     }
+
+    /** lastSlotStart 表示最后一个容量桶；服务必须在该桶结束时刻前完成。 */
+    public LocalDateTime closingTime(LocalDateTime slotStart) {
+        return LocalDateTime.of(slotStart.toLocalDate(), lastSlotStart).plusMinutes(30);
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/petstore/service/StoreService.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ public class StoreService {
     private final StoreMapper storeMapper;
 
     public Store create(Store store) {
+        store.setBookingCapacity(normalizeCapacity(store.getBookingCapacity()));
         store.setInviteCode(generateInviteCode());
         store.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
         store.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
@@ -27,6 +28,10 @@ public class StoreService {
         return storeMapper.findByIdAndDeletedFalse(id).orElse(null);
     }
 
+    public Store findByIdForUpdate(Long id) {
+        return storeMapper.findByIdAndDeletedFalseForUpdate(id).orElse(null);
+    }
+
     public Store findByInviteCode(String code) {
         return storeMapper.findByInviteCodeAndDeletedFalse(code);
     }
@@ -83,6 +88,11 @@ public class StoreService {
         }
         existing.setBookingDayStart(start);
         existing.setBookingLastSlotStart(last);
+        if (incoming.getBookingCapacity() != null) {
+            existing.setBookingCapacity(normalizeCapacity(incoming.getBookingCapacity()));
+        } else if (existing.getBookingCapacity() == null) {
+            existing.setBookingCapacity(1);
+        }
 
         existing.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
         if (existing.getDeleted() == null) {
@@ -105,4 +115,14 @@ public class StoreService {
     private String generateInviteCode() {
         return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").substring(0, 8).toUpperCase();
     }
+
+    public static int normalizeCapacity(Integer capacity) {
+        if (capacity == null) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (capacity < 1 || capacity > 10) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("并发接待数须为 1～10");
+        }
+        return capacity;
+    }
 }

src/test/java/com/petstore/controller/ScheduleControllerTest.java

@@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ class ScheduleControllerTest {
     @Test
     void staffCreatesBlockWithDerivedStoreId() {
         CurrentUserContext.set(new CurrentUser(2L, 10L, "staff"));
-        when(scheduleService.createBlock(eq(10L), any(), eq("blocked"), any(), eq(2L)))
+        when(scheduleService.createBlock(eq(10L), any(), eq(30), eq("blocked"), any(), eq(2L)))
                 .thenReturn(Map.of("code", 200, "message", "已占用该时段"));
         Map<String, Object> body = Map.of("slotStart", "2026-07-06T10:00:00", "blockType", "blocked");
         Map<String, Object> result = controller.createBlock(body);
         assertEquals(200, result.get("code"));
         // 验证 storeId 与 createdByUserId 从上下文派生
-        verify(scheduleService).createBlock(eq(10L), any(), eq("blocked"), any(), eq(2L));
+        verify(scheduleService).createBlock(eq(10L), any(), eq(30), eq("blocked"), any(), eq(2L));
     }
 
     @Test

src/test/java/com/petstore/controller/ServiceTypeControllerTest.java

@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ class ServiceTypeControllerTest {
         st.setId(1L);
         st.setStoreId(10L);
         st.setName("新服务");
-        when(serviceTypeService.create(10L, "新服务")).thenReturn(st);
-        Map<String, Object> body = Map.of("name", "新服务");
+        when(serviceTypeService.create(10L, "新服务", 90)).thenReturn(st);
+        Map<String, Object> body = Map.of("name", "新服务", "durationMinutes", 90);
         Map<String, Object> result = controller.create(body);
         assertEquals(200, result.get("code"));
-        verify(serviceTypeService).create(10L, "新服务");
+        verify(serviceTypeService).create(10L, "新服务", 90);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class ServiceTypeControllerTest {
         Map<String, Object> result = controller.update(body);
         assertEquals(403, result.get("code"));
         assertEquals("FORBIDDEN", result.get("bizCode"));
-        verify(serviceTypeService, never()).update(any(), any());
+        verify(serviceTypeService, never()).update(any(), any(), any());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class ServiceTypeControllerTest {
         Map<String, Object> result = controller.update(body);
         assertEquals(403, result.get("code"));
         assertEquals("FORBIDDEN", result.get("bizCode"));
-        verify(serviceTypeService, never()).update(any(), any());
+        verify(serviceTypeService, never()).update(any(), any(), any());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class ServiceTypeControllerTest {
         own.setId(5L);
         own.setStoreId(10L);
         when(serviceTypeService.findById(5L)).thenReturn(own);
-        when(serviceTypeService.update(5L, "改名")).thenReturn(own);
-        Map<String, Object> body = Map.of("id", "5", "name", "改名");
+        when(serviceTypeService.update(5L, "改名", 120)).thenReturn(own);
+        Map<String, Object> body = Map.of("id", "5", "name", "改名", "durationMinutes", 120);
         Map<String, Object> result = controller.update(body);
         assertEquals(200, result.get("code"));
     }

src/test/java/com/petstore/mapper/BookingCapacityMigrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.petstore.mapper;
+
+import org.h2.tools.RunScript;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+class BookingCapacityMigrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void migrationBackfillsStableDurationsAndSafeCapacity() throws Exception {
+        try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
+                "jdbc:h2:mem:booking-capacity-migration;MODE=MySQL;DATABASE_TO_LOWER=TRUE",
+                "sa",
+                ""
+        )) {
+            createSourceTables(connection);
+            insertSourceRows(connection);
+
+            try (Reader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(
+                    Path.of("db/migrations/20260801_create_booking_capacity.sql")
+            )) {
+                RunScript.execute(connection, reader);
+            }
+
+            assertScalar(connection, "SELECT duration_minutes FROM t_service_type WHERE name = '美容'", 120);
+            assertScalar(connection, "SELECT duration_minutes FROM t_appointment WHERE service_type = '剪指甲'", 30);
+            assertScalar(connection, "SELECT duration_minutes FROM t_schedule_block", 30);
+            assertScalar(connection, "SELECT booking_capacity FROM t_store", 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void createSourceTables(Connection connection) throws Exception {
+        try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+            statement.execute("CREATE TABLE t_service_type (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, store_id BIGINT, name VARCHAR(100))");
+            statement.execute("CREATE TABLE t_appointment (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, service_type VARCHAR(100))");
+            statement.execute("CREATE TABLE t_schedule_block (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, slot_start DATETIME)");
+            statement.execute("CREATE TABLE t_store (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100))");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void insertSourceRows(Connection connection) throws Exception {
+        try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+            statement.execute("INSERT INTO t_service_type VALUES (1, NULL, '美容'), (2, 10, '自定义SPA')");
+            statement.execute("INSERT INTO t_appointment VALUES (1, '剪指甲'), (2, '未知服务')");
+            statement.execute("INSERT INTO t_schedule_block VALUES (1, '2026-08-02 09:00:00')");
+            statement.execute("INSERT INTO t_store VALUES (10, '测试门店')");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertScalar(Connection connection, String sql, int expected) throws Exception {
+        try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(sql)) {
+            result.next();
+            assertEquals(expected, result.getInt(1));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/petstore/service/AppointmentServiceTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.petstore.service;
 
 import com.petstore.entity.Appointment;
+import com.petstore.entity.ServiceType;
 import com.petstore.entity.Store;
 import com.petstore.mapper.AppointmentMapper;
 import com.petstore.mapper.PetMapper;
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ class AppointmentServiceTest {
     @Mock private PetMapper petMapper;
     @Mock private StoreCustomerService storeCustomerService;
     @Mock private BusinessEventService businessEventService;
+    @Mock private ServiceTypeService serviceTypeService;
+    @Mock private BookingCapacityService bookingCapacityService;
 
     @InjectMocks private AppointmentService appointmentService;
 
@@ -134,7 +137,14 @@ class AppointmentServiceTest {
         store.setId(10L);
         store.setBookingDayStart(LocalTime.of(9, 0));
         store.setBookingLastSlotStart(LocalTime.of(21, 30));
-        when(storeService.findById(10L)).thenReturn(store);
+        ServiceType serviceType = new ServiceType();
+        serviceType.setName("洗澡");
+        serviceType.setDurationMinutes(60);
+        appointment.setServiceType("洗澡");
+        when(storeService.findByIdForUpdate(10L)).thenReturn(store);
+        when(serviceTypeService.resolveForStore(10L, "洗澡")).thenReturn(serviceType);
+        when(bookingCapacityService.evaluateAppointment(any(), eq(60), eq(1), anyList(), anyList()))
+                .thenReturn(new BookingCapacityService.CapacityResult(true, null, 0));
         when(appointmentMapper.save(any(Appointment.class))).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));
 
         var result = appointmentService.createBooking(appointment);
@@ -142,6 +152,7 @@ class AppointmentServiceTest {
         assertEquals(200, result.get("code"));
         verify(storeCustomerService).touchBooking(eq(10L), eq(88L), eq(7L), any(LocalDateTime.class));
         verify(appointmentMapper).save(appointment);
+        assertEquals(60, appointment.getDurationMinutes());
         verify(businessEventService).recordAppointmentCreated(eq(appointment), isNull(), isNull());
     }
 

src/test/java/com/petstore/service/BookingCapacityServiceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package com.petstore.service;
+
+import com.petstore.entity.Appointment;
+import com.petstore.entity.ScheduleBlock;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class BookingCapacityServiceTest {
+    private final BookingCapacityService service = new BookingCapacityService();
+    private final LocalDateTime day = LocalDateTime.of(2026, 8, 2, 9, 0);
+
+    @Test
+    void longServiceChecksEveryCoveredBucket() {
+        Appointment existing = appointment(day.plusMinutes(60), 60);
+        var result = service.evaluateAppointment(day, 120, 1, List.of(existing), List.of());
+        assertFalse(result.available());
+        assertEquals("接待容量已满", result.reason());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void parallelCapacityAllowsSecondButRejectsThird() {
+        Appointment first = appointment(day, 60);
+        Appointment second = appointment(day, 60);
+        assertTrue(service.evaluateAppointment(day, 60, 2, List.of(first), List.of()).available());
+        assertFalse(service.evaluateAppointment(day, 60, 2, List.of(first, second), List.of()).available());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void walkInConsumesOnePlaceAndBlackoutClosesAllPlaces() {
+        ScheduleBlock walkIn = block(day, 60, "walk_in");
+        ScheduleBlock blackout = block(day.plusMinutes(60), 30, "blocked");
+        assertTrue(service.evaluateAppointment(day, 60, 2, List.of(), List.of(walkIn)).available());
+        var blocked = service.evaluateAppointment(day.plusMinutes(30), 60, 10, List.of(), List.of(blackout));
+        assertFalse(blocked.available());
+        assertEquals("门店暂停预约", blocked.reason());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void touchingIntervalsDoNotOverlap() {
+        Appointment existing = appointment(day, 60);
+        assertTrue(service.evaluateAppointment(day.plusMinutes(60), 30, 1, List.of(existing), List.of()).available());
+    }
+
+    private Appointment appointment(LocalDateTime start, int minutes) {
+        Appointment appointment = new Appointment();
+        appointment.setAppointmentTime(start);
+        appointment.setDurationMinutes(minutes);
+        return appointment;
+    }
+
+    private ScheduleBlock block(LocalDateTime start, int minutes, String type) {
+        ScheduleBlock block = new ScheduleBlock();
+        block.setSlotStart(start);
+        block.setDurationMinutes(minutes);
+        block.setBlockType(type);
+        return block;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/petstore/service/BusinessEventServiceTest.java

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class BusinessEventServiceTest {
         assertEquals(BusinessEventService.APPOINTMENT_CREATED, event.getEventType());
         assertEquals(30L, event.getStoreCustomerId());
         assertEquals("admin", event.getSource());
-        assertEquals("{\"bookingOrigin\":\"admin\"}", event.getMetadataJson());
+        assertEquals("{\"bookingOrigin\":\"admin\",\"durationMinutes\":60}", event.getMetadataJson());
         assertFalse(event.getMetadataJson().contains("phone"));
         assertFalse(event.getMetadataJson().contains("token"));
     }